Future Business Leaders of America (FBLA) Cybersecurity Practice Test

What is ransomware?

1. A tool for encrypting files for protection

2. A type of malware that blocks access to data until a ransom is paid

3. A security feature used to protect online transactions

4. A program that cleans viruses from a computer

The correct answer is: A type of malware that blocks access to data until a ransom is paid

Ransomware is a form of malicious software designed to block access to data or systems until a ransom is paid to the attacker. When a device is infected with ransomware, the malware typically encrypts files, rendering them inaccessible to the user. The attacker then demands payment, usually in cryptocurrency, in exchange for the decryption key necessary to restore access to the affected files. This type of malware poses a significant threat as it can affect individuals, businesses, and organizations by locking them out of critical data and systems, leading to operational disruptions and potential financial losses. The method of operation relies on the urgency and desperation often felt by victims, compelling them to pay the ransom in hopes of retrieving their data. Other choices do not accurately describe ransomware. For instance, while encrypting files can be a part of ransomware's functionality, it is not a protective tool but rather an attack method. Security features for protecting online transactions focus on securing communication and data integrity, rather than extortion through data blockage. Moreover, a program designed to clean viruses serves a different purpose entirely, focusing on identifying and removing harmful software rather than manipulating data access for ransom.